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problem solving decision making
A LevelPsychology~4 min read
Overview
This lesson explores the cognitive processes involved in problem solving and decision making, two fundamental aspects of human thought. We will examine various strategies, biases, and models that explain how individuals approach and resolve challenges, and make choices in different situations.
Introduction to Problem Solving
Problem solving is a core cognitive function involving the identification of a problem, generation of possible solutions, and selection of the best solution. It typically involves moving from an initial state to a goal state, often overcoming obstacles. Key stages of problem solving: * **Problem ...
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Key Concepts
- Problem Solving: The cognitive process of finding a solution to a difficult or complex issue.
- Decision Making: The cognitive process of selecting a course of action from multiple alternatives.
- Heuristics: Mental shortcuts or 'rules of thumb' that simplify complex decisions and problems, but can lead to biases.
- Algorithms: Step-by-step procedures that guarantee a correct solution to a problem, though they can be time-consuming.
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Exam Tips
- →For problem-solving questions, define the problem clearly, outline the steps taken, and identify any heuristics or obstacles encountered. Use specific examples from studies (e.g., Duncker's candle problem) to illustrate concepts.
- →When discussing decision-making, differentiate between rational models and the influence of heuristics and biases. Explain how cognitive biases (e.g., availability, representativeness, framing) can lead to irrational choices.
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